Table of Contents
1 -
AS 2519-1993 GUIDE TO THE TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF HIGHER RANK COAL DEPOSITS
4 -
PREFACE
5 -
CONTENTS
7 -
FOREWORD
8 -
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 -
1.1 SCOPE
8 -
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 -
1.3 DEFINITIONS
9 -
SECTION 2 STAGES OF PROSPECT EVALUATION
9 -
2.1 GENERAL
9 -
2.2 PRE-EXPLORATION STAGE
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2.2.1 General
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2.2.2 Objectives
9 -
2.2.3 Method
10 -
2.3 EXPLORATION STAGE 1- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
10 -
2.3.1 General
10 -
2.3.2 Objectives
10 -
2.3.3 Methods
12 -
2.4 EXPLORATION STAGE 2- RESOURCE EVALUATION
12 -
2.4.1 General
12 -
2.4.2 Objectives
12 -
2.4.3 Method
12 -
2.5 EXPLORATION STAGE 3- MINE PLANNING
12 -
2.5.1 General
13 -
2.5.2 Objectives
13 -
2.5.3 Method
14 -
2.6 EXPLORATION STAGE 4- BULK SAMPLING OR TRIAL MINING
14 -
2.6.1 General
14 -
2.6.2 Objective
14 -
2.6.3 Method
14 -
2.7 ONGOING EVALUATION DURING MINING
15 -
SECTION 3 GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
15 -
3.1 GENERAL
15 -
3.2 SURFACE SURVEYS
15 -
3.3 AIRBORNE SURVEYS
15 -
3.3.1 Aeromagnetics
15 -
3.3.2 Aeroradiometrics
15 -
3.3.3 Electrometrics
15 -
3.3.4 Parameters
16 -
3.4 UNDERGROUND SURVEYS
16 -
3.4.1 In-seam seismic surveys
16 -
3.4.2 Radio-imaging method
17 -
SECTION 4 DRILLING
17 -
4.1 GENERAL
17 -
4.2 THE DRILL RIG
17 -
4.2.1 General
17 -
4.2.2 Diamond drill
17 -
4.2.3 Rotary rig
17 -
4.2.4 Top-drive hydraulic rig
17 -
4.3 NON-CORE DRILLING
17 -
4.3.1 Soft superficial formations
17 -
4.3.2 Hard formations
18 -
4.3.3 Air circulation
18 -
4.3.4 Water circulation
18 -
4.4 CORE DRILLING
18 -
4.4.1 Borehole size
18 -
4.4.2 Barrels
19 -
4.4.3 Rods
19 -
4.4.4 Bits
19 -
4.4.5 Orientated core
19 -
4.5 DRILLING FLUIDS AND ADDITIVES
20 -
4.6 CASING AND COMPLETION OF HOLES
20 -
4.7 DIFFICULT DRILLING
20 -
4.8 SURVEY OF THE HOLE
21 -
SECTION 5 DRILLING SITE FUNCTIONS
21 -
5.1 GENERAL
21 -
5.2 DRILLING THE HOLE
22 -
5.3 LOGGING, FIELD TESTING AND REMOVAL OF CORE
22 -
5.3.1 General
22 -
5.3.2 Core logging
23 -
5.3.3 Field tests
24 -
5.3.4 Core removal
24 -
5.4 DOWN-HOLE GEOPHYSICAL WIRELINE LOGGING
24 -
5.4.1 General
27 -
5.4.2 Types of geophysical logs
27 -
5.4.3 Nuclear logging
29 -
5.4.4 Electric logging
29 -
5.4.5 Direct physical reading techniques
30 -
5.5 GAS EMISSION TESTING
30 -
5.5.1 Pressure testing
30 -
5.5.2 Seam gas analysis
31 -
5.6 DATA RECORDING
31 -
5.7 HANDLINGTHE CORE
31 -
5.7.1 General
31 -
5.7.2 Field subdivision
31 -
5.7.3 Packaging for laboratory subdivision
31 -
5.7.4 Packaging of non-coal core
32 -
SECTION 6 LABORATORY TESTING AND ANALYSIS
32 -
6.1 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
32 -
6.1.1 General
32 -
6.1.2 X-ray radiography
33 -
6.1.3 Relative density of lump sample
33 -
6.1.4 Lithotype logging
34 -
6.1.5 Gamma-ray attenuation tests
34 -
6.1.6 Portable XRF analysis
34 -
6.1.7 Colour photography
34 -
6.2 SUBDIVISION
34 -
6.2.1 General
38 -
6.2.2 Subdivision on a ply-by-ply basis
38 -
6.2.3 Subdivision on a probable working section basis
40 -
6.3 PARTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
40 -
6.3.1 General
40 -
6.3.2 Petrographic analysis of rock thin sections
40 -
6.3.3 Mechanical tests
41 -
6.4 PRETREATMENT OF COAL CORE
41 -
6.4.1 Introduction
41 -
6.4.2 When pretreatment is unnecessary
41 -
6.4.3 When pretreatment is required
42 -
6.4.4 Pretreatment Step 1-Breakage of core to plant feed sizing
43 -
6.4.5 Pretreatment Step 2-The drum tumbler method for achieving preparation plant sizing
45 -
6.4.6 Shale breakdown assessment
45 -
6.5 SEPARATION TESTS
45 -
6.5.1 General
46 -
6.5.2 Float and sink testing
47 -
6.5.3 Froth flotation testing
49 -
6.6 PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF ANALYSIS SAMPLES
49 -
6.6.1 General
49 -
6.6.2 Sample preparation
50 -
6.6.3 Sample storage
50 -
6.7 ANALYSIS
50 -
6.7.1 General
50 -
6.7.2 Chemical properties
53 -
6.7.3 Physical properties
55 -
6.7.4 Storage and handling properties
57 -
6.7.5 Properties of the inorganic material
58 -
6.7.6 Swelling, caking and plastometric properties
60 -
6.7.7 Petrographic properties
61 -
6.7.8 Conversion properties
62 -
6.7.9 The effects of some coal properties on the utilization of coal
63 -
6.8 SMALL-SCALE OR PILOT-SCALE COKE OVEN TESTS
63 -
6.8.1 General
64 -
6.8.2 Coke oven tests
64 -
6.8.3 Coke tests
65 -
6.9 SMALL-SCALE AND PILOT-SCALE COMBUSTION TESTS
65 -
6.9.1 General
65 -
6.9.2 Small-scale simulation tests
70 -
6.9.3 Pilot-scale testing
71 -
SECTION 7 RECOMMENDED LABORATORY TEST PROGRAMS
71 -
7.1 GENERAL
74 -
7.2 PLY-BY-PLY ANALYSIS
74 -
7.2.1 General
74 -
7.2.2 Without float and sink testing
76 -
7.2.3 Float and sink testing of all coal plies
78 -
7.2.4 Float and sink testing on the working section only
80 -
7.3 WORKING SECTION ANALYSIS
80 -
7.3.1 General
80 -
7.3.2 Without float and sink testing
81 -
7.3.3 With float and sink testing
83 -
7.3.4 Pretreatment followed by float and sink testing
87 -
7.4 CHIP SAMPLES
87 -
7.4.1 General
87 -
7.4.2 Oxidation tests
87 -
7. 5 CHECK FOR INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
87 -
7.5.1 General
88 -
7.5.2 Procedure 1
88 -
7.5.3 Procedure 2
91 -
SECTION 8 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
91 -
8.1 GENERAL
91 -
8.2 GEOLOGICAL DATA
94 -
8.3 COAL QUALITY DATA
94 -
8.4 CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER RANK COALS
94 -
8.4.1 General
94 -
8.4.2 Coding
95 -
8.4.3 Other systems
104 -
APPENDIX A - REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
104 -
A1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
106 -
A2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
114 -
APPENDIX B - AUSTRALIAN CODE FOR REPORTING IDENTIFIED COAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES
118 -
APPENDIX C - DRILLING CONTRACT
118 -
C1 GENERAL
Abstract
Sets out recommended practices for the technical evaluation of a higher rank coal deposit, principally using borehole techniques.
RECONFIRMATION NOTICE
Technical Committee MN-001 has reviewed the content of this publication and in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation, it has been determined that the publication is still valid and does not require change.
Certain documents referenced in the publication may have been amended since the original date of publication. Users are advised to ensure that they are using the latest versions of such documents as appropriate, unless advised otherwise in this Reconfirmation Notice.
Approved for reconfirmation in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation on 15 July 2013.
The following are represented on Technical Committee MN-001:
Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Australian Coal Association
Australian Coal Industry Reference Samples
Australian Coal Preparation Society
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Coalfield Geology Council of NSW
CSIRO Energy Technology
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
National Generators Forum
The University of New South Wales
The University of Queensland
University of Newcastle
Scope
This Standard sets out recommended practices for the technical evaluation of a higher rank coal deposit, principally using borehole techniques. It defines the various stages that comprise an exploration project, describes drilling equipment and methods, and makes specific recommendations concerning procedures that should be adopted in the logging, testing and analysis of a bore core. This Standard recommends procedures for the technical evaluation of a coal deposit within the context of the entire exploration program. It provides a reference framework that will promote-
(a) greater appreciation, within an exploration team, of the individual needs of its members; and
(b) a uniformity of approach, from team to team, to the technology of coal exploration.
A bibliography of reference texts appropriate to the various clauses of the Standard is given in Appendix A.
General Product Information
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Published
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Document Type
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Standard |
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Status
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Current |
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Publisher
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Standards Australia
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ProductNote
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Reconfirmation Notice 21-08-2013 |
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Pages
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ISBN
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Committee
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MN-001 |
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Supersedes
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