AS/NZS 4673:2001

Cold-formed stainless steel structures

Standards Australia

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1 - AS/NZS 4673:2001 COLD-FORMED STAINLESS STEEL STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.3.1 Action [Effect]
7 - 1.3.2 Action effect [Action] or load effect [action]
7 - 1.3.3 Arched compression element
7 - 1.3.4 Bend
7 - 1.3.5 Braced member
7 - 1.3.6 Can
8 - 1.3.7 Capacity [Strength reduction] factor
8 - 1.3.8 Cold-formed stainless steel structural members
8 - 1.3.9 Design action effect [Design action] or design load effect [design action]
8 - 1.3.10 Design action [Design force] or design load
8 - 1.3.11 Design capacity
8 - 1.3.12 Effective design width
8 - 1.3.13 Elements
8 - 1.3.14 Feed width (wf)
8 - 1.3.15 Flat-width-to-thickness ratio
8 - 1.3.16 Flexural-torsional buckling
8 - 1.3.17 Initial Young’s modulus
8 - 1.3.18 Length (of a compression member)
8 - 1.3.19 Limit state
9 - 1.3.20 Load
9 - 1.3.21 Local buckling
9 - 1.3.22 May
9 - 1.3.23 Multiple-stiffened element
9 - 1.3.24 Nominal action [Nominal effect] or nominal load
9 - 1.3.25 Nominal capacity
9 - 1.3.26 Point-symmetric section
9 - 1.3.27 Proof stress
9 - 1.3.28 Proof testing
9 - 1.3.29 Prototype testing
10 - 1.3.30 Segment (in a member subjected to bending)
10 - 1.3.31 Secant modulus
10 - 1.3.32 Shall
10 - 1.3.33 Should
10 - 1.3.34 Special study
10 - 1.3.35 Stiffened or partially stiffened compression element
10 - 1.3.36 Stiffener(s)
10 - 1.3.37 Structural ductility factor
10 - 1.3.38 Structural performance factor
10 - 1.3.39 Structural response factor
10 - 1.3.40 Sub-element
10 - 1.3.41 Tangent modulus
10 - 1.3.42 Temper rolling
11 - 1.3.43 Tensile strength
11 - 1.3.44 Thickness
11 - 1.3.45 Unformed steel
11 - 1.3.46 Unformed steel properties
11 - 1.3.47 Unstiffened compression element
11 - 1.3.48 Yield stress
13 - 1.4 NOTATION
21 - 1.5 MATERIALS
21 - 1.5.1 Selection of stainless steel grade
22 - 1.5.2 Stainless steels
24 - 1.5.3 Design stresses
24 - 1.5.4 Fasteners
24 - 1.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
24 - 1.6.1 Loads and load combinations
24 - 1.6.2 Structural analysis and design
25 - 1.6.3 Earthquake
26 - 1.6.4 Durability
26 - 1.7 NON-CONFORMING SHAPES AND CONSTRUCTION
27 - SECTION 2 ELEMENTS
27 - 2.1 SECTION PROPERTIES
27 - 2.1.1 General
27 - 2.1.2 Design procedures
28 - 2.1.3 Dimensional limits
29 - 2.2 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF STIFFENED ELEMENTS
29 - 2.2.1 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements
31 - 2.2.2 Effective widths of webs and stiffened elements with stress gradient
33 - 2.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS
33 - 2.3.1 Uniformly compressed unstiffened elements
33 - 2.3.2 Unstiffened elements and edge stiffeners with stress gradient
34 - 2.4 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNIFORMLY COMPRESSED ELEMENTS WITH AN EDGE STIFFENER OR ONE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER
34 - 2.4.1 Notation
36 - 2.4.2 Elements with an intermediate stiffener
37 - 2.4.3 Elements with an edge stiffener
39 - 2.5 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF EDGE-STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENERS, OR STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH MORE...
40 - 2.6 STIFFENERS
40 - 2.6.1 Transverse stiffeners
41 - 2.6.2 Shear stiffeners
42 - 2.6.3 Non-conforming stiffeners
43 - SECTION 3 MEMBERS
43 - 3.1 GENERAL
43 - 3.2 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO TENSION
43 - 3.3 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING
43 - 3.3.1 Bending moment
43 - 3.3.2 Nominal section moment capacity
45 - 3.3.3 Nominal member moment capacity
48 - 3.3.4 Shear
48 - 3.3.5 Combined bending and shear
49 - 3.3.6 Bearing
52 - 3.3.7 Combined bending and bearing
52 - 3.4 CONCENTRICALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
52 - 3.4.1 General
53 - 3.4.2 Sections not subject to torsional or flexural- torsional buckling
54 - 3.4.3 Doubly symmetric or point-symmetric sections subject to torsional buckling
54 - 3.4.4 Singly symmetric sections subject to flexural-torsional buckling
55 - 3.4.5 Non-symmetric sections
55 - 3.5 COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD AND BENDING
56 - 3.6 TUBULAR MEMBERS
56 - 3.6.1 General
56 - 3.6.2 Bending
57 - 3.6.3 Compression
58 - 3.6.4 Combined compression and bending
58 - 3.6.5 Shear
58 - 3.6.6 Combined shear and bending
58 - 3.6.7 Welded connections
59 - SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES
59 - 4.1 BUILT-UP SECTIONS
59 - 4.1.1 Sections composed of two channels
60 - 4.1.2 Spacing of connections in compression elements
60 - 4.2 MIXED SYSTEMS
60 - 4.3 LATERAL RESTRAINTS
60 - 4.3.1 General
60 - 4.3.2 Symmetrical beams and columns
60 - 4.3.3 Channel and Z-section beams
62 - SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS
62 - 5.1 GENERAL
62 - 5.2 WELDED CONNECTIONS
62 - 5.2.1 General
62 - 5.2.2 Butt welds
63 - 5.2.3 Fillet welds
64 - 5.2.4 Resistance spot welds
65 - 5.2.5 Tubular connections
66 - 5.3 BOLTED CONNECTIONS
66 - 5.3.1 General
66 - 5.3.2 Holes
67 - 5.3.3 Spacing and edge distance
67 - 5.3.4 Tear out capacity of the connected part
67 - 5.3.5 Net section tensile capacity of the connected part
68 - 5.3.6 Bearing capacity of the connected part
68 - 5.3.7 Stainless steel bolts to ASTM Standards
70 - 5.3.8 Stainless steel bolts to ISO 3506
73 - SECTION 6 TESTING
73 - 6.1 TESTING FOR DETERMINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
73 - 6.1.1 Design based on measured values of yield stress
73 - 6.1.2 Testing of unformed steel
73 - 6.1.3 Compression testing
73 - 6.1.4 Testing of full sections
74 - 6.1.5 Testing of flat coupons of formed members
74 - 6.2 TESTING FOR ASSESSMENT OR VERIFICATION
74 - 6.2.1 General
75 - 6.2.2 Static tests for strength or serviceability
77 - APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
79 - APPENDIX B - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
79 - B1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEELS
82 - B2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDS
85 - APPENDIX C - STAINLESS STEEL PROPERTIES
85 - C1 INTRODUCTION
86 - C2 STAINLESS STEEL GRADES
86 - C2.1 Introduction
86 - C2.2 Classification of stainless steels by microstructures
87 - C2.3 Effect of product form
88 - C3 EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IN STAINLESS STEELS
89 - C4 SURFACE FINISH
89 - C5 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN VALUE OF PROPERTIES
89 - C5.1 Basic stress-strain behaviour
91 - C5.2 Factors affecting stress-strain behaviour
92 - C6 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
93 - C7 DURABILITY - CORROSION
93 - C7.1 Introduction
93 - C7.2 Mechanism of corrosion resistance
94 - C7.3 Types of corrosion and performance of steel grades
97 - C7.4 Corrosion in selected environments
99 - C7.5 Design for corrosion control
101 - C8 GRADE SELECTION
101 - C8.1 Introduction
101 - C8.2 Grade selection
102 - C9 REFERENCES
103 - APPENDIX D - STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS
103 - D1 INTRODUCTION
103 - D2 IDENTIFYING STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS
103 - D2.1 General
104 - D2.2 Identifying stainless steel fasteners to ISO 3506
106 - APPENDIX E - FLEXURAL MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BENDING
106 - E1 GENERAL
106 - E2 LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY [STRENGTH]
106 - E3 DEFLECTIONS
106 - E4 LIMITATIONS
107 - APPENDIX F - FATIGUE
107 - F1 GENERAL
107 - F2 WELD FATIGUE
109 - F3 FATIGUE DESIGN IN ACCORDANCE WITH EURO INOX
110 - F4 FATIGUE DESIGN IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROCODE 3
110 - F5 FATIGUE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 4100 WITH APPLICATION TO STAINLESS STEEL
112 - F6 REFERENCES
113 - APPENDIX G - FIRE
113 - G1 GENERAL
113 - G2 PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEELS
113 - G3 OTHER STANDARDS
114 - G4 POST-FIRE PERFORMANCE
115 - APPENDIX H - SECTION PROPERTIES
115 - H1 SHEAR CENTRE DISTANCE (m), TORSION CONSTANT (J) AND WARPING CONSTANT (Iw)
115 - H2 MONOSYMMETRY SECTION CONSTANTS
119 - APPENDIX I - UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH STRESS GRADIENT
120 - APPENDIX J - HOLLOW SECTION LATTICE GIRDER CONNECTIONS
120 - J1 GENERAL
120 - J2 DEFINITIONS
120 - J2.1 Gap (g)
120 - J2.2 Uniplanar joint
120 - J2.3 Overlap
121 - J3 FIELD OF APPLICATION
122 - J4 ANALYSIS
122 - J5 WELDS
123 - J6 WELDED JOINTS BETWEEN CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS
125 - J7 WELDED JOINTS BETWEEN HOLLOW SECTION BRACE MEMBERS AND SQUARE/ RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTION CHORDS
125 - J7.1 General
125 - J7.2 Square or circular brace members and square chords
125 - J7.3 Rectangular sections
128 - J8 WELDED JOINTS BETWEEN HOLLOW SECTION BRACE MEMBERS AND I- SECTION CHORDS
132 - APPENDIX K - DETERMINATION OF THE CAPACITY [STRENGTH REDUCTION] FACTOR

Abstract

Sets out requirements for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members. Steels for use with this Standard include those specified by a wide range of international Standards. Members may be shaped from annealed or temper-rolled sheet, strip, plate or flat bar.

Scope

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design of stainless steel structural members cold-formed to shape from annealed or temper-rolled sheet, strip, plate or flat bar stainless steels used for load-carrying purposes in buildings. It may also be used for structures other than buildings provided appropriate allowances are made for dynamic effects.
For the purpose of this Standard, steels with at least 10.5% chromium and up to 1.2% carbon are considered as stainless steels.