IEC 60413:2026 This document concerns graphite-based grades that are used for sliding electrical contacts,
such as carbon brushes or pantograph strips.
By extension, it is possible to apply the test procedures of this document to all electrical sliding
contacts for electrical transmission appliances and to other appliances of graphite-based
materials (heat exchangers, bearings, etc.).
This document specifies uniformized procedures for determining their following properties:
– density and porosity;
– resistivity;
– flexural strength;
– hardness;
– ash content.
In addition, it provides recommendations on test procedures for other properties:
– Mechanical properties: Charpy impact test, compressive strength, tensile strength
(Annex B).
– Thermal properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, thermal
conductivity (Annex C).
The properties determined by these tests are inherent to the graphite-based materials and it is
therefore important to distinguish them from performance characteristics in operation on
electrical equipment (carbon brush in an electrical rotating machine, contact strips on a
pantograph, etc.).
Since these materials are generally brittle, porous materials, it is reasonable that their
properties vary much more than the same properties in metals.
Some test methods are suitable for use in production quality control (routine tests), others only
for more thorough investigations, using precise laboratory techniques (see Annex A).
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous substances, operations and equipment. It does
not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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