AS/NZS ISO 19136:2008 (R2018)
AS/NZS ISO 19136:2008 (R2018)
Geographic information - Geography Markup Language (GML)
Standards Australia
Table of Contents
<toc>
<bookmarktable>
<bookmark index='0'>
<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS/NZS ISO 19136:2008 Geographic information - Geography Markup Language (GML)</text>
<bookmark index='1'>
<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='2'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='3'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>INTRODUCTION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='4'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1 Scope</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='5'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2 Conformance</text>
<bookmark index='6'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2.1 Conformance requirements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='7'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>2.2 Conformance classes related to GML application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='8'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>2.3 Conformance classes related to GML profiles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='9'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>2.4 Conformance classes related to GML documents</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='10'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>2.5 Conformance classes related to software implementations</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='11'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>3 Normative references</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='12'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>4 Terms and symbols</text>
<bookmark index='13'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>4.1 Terms and definitions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='14'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>4.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='15'>
<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>5 Conventions</text>
<bookmark index='16'>
<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>5.1 XML namespaces</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='17'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>5.2 Versioning</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='18'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>5.3 Deprecated parts of previous versions of GML</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='19'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>5.4 UML notation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='20'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>5.5 XML Schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='21'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>6 Overview of the GML schema</text>
<bookmark index='22'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>6.1 GML schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='23'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>6.2 GML application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='24'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>6.3 Relationship between the ISO 19100 series of International Standards, the GML schema and GML application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='25'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>6.4 Organization of this International Standard</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='26'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>6.5 Deprecated and experimental schema components</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='27'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>7 GML schema - General rules and base schema components</text>
<bookmark index='28'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>7.1 GML model and syntax</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='29'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>7.2 gmlBase schema components</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='30'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>8 GML schema - Xlinks and basic types</text>
<bookmark index='31'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>8.1 Xlinks - Object associations and remote properties</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='32'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>8.2 Basic types</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='33'>
<pageno>53</pageno>
<text>9 GML schema - Features</text>
<bookmark index='34'>
<pageno>53</pageno>
<text>9.1 General concepts</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='35'>
<pageno>53</pageno>
<text>9.2 Relationship with ISO 19109</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='36'>
<pageno>53</pageno>
<text>9.3 Features</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='37'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>9.4 Standard feature properties</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='38'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>9.5 Geometry properties</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='39'>
<pageno>58</pageno>
<text>9.6 Topology properties</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='40'>
<pageno>58</pageno>
<text>9.7 Temporal properties</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='41'>
<pageno>59</pageno>
<text>9.8 Defining application-specific feature types</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='42'>
<pageno>60</pageno>
<text>9.9 Feature collections</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='43'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>9.10 Spatial reference system used in a feature or feature collection</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='44'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>10 GML schema - Geometric primitives</text>
<bookmark index='45'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>10.1 General concepts</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='46'>
<pageno>68</pageno>
<text>10.2 Abstract geometric primitives</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='47'>
<pageno>69</pageno>
<text>10.3 Geometric primitives (0-dimensional)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='48'>
<pageno>70</pageno>
<text>10.4 Geometric primitives (1-dimensional)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='49'>
<pageno>82</pageno>
<text>10.5 Geometric primitives (2-dimensional)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='50'>
<pageno>91</pageno>
<text>10.6 Geometric primitives (3-dimensional)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='51'>
<pageno>93</pageno>
<text>11 GML schema - Geometric complex, geometric composites and geometric aggregates</text>
<bookmark index='52'>
<pageno>93</pageno>
<text>11.1 Overview</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='53'>
<pageno>94</pageno>
<text>11.2 Geometric complex and geometric composites</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='54'>
<pageno>96</pageno>
<text>11.3 Geometric aggregates</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='55'>
<pageno>101</pageno>
<text>12 GML schema - Coordinate reference systems schemas</text>
<bookmark index='56'>
<pageno>101</pageno>
<text>12.1 Overview</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='57'>
<pageno>103</pageno>
<text>12.2 Reference systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='58'>
<pageno>105</pageno>
<text>12.3 Coordinate reference systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='59'>
<pageno>113</pageno>
<text>12.4 Coordinate systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='60'>
<pageno>120</pageno>
<text>12.5 Datums</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='61'>
<pageno>127</pageno>
<text>12.6 Coordinate operations</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='62'>
<pageno>139</pageno>
<text>13 GML schema - Topology</text>
<bookmark index='63'>
<pageno>139</pageno>
<text>13.1 General concepts</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='64'>
<pageno>140</pageno>
<text>13.2 Abstract topology</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='65'>
<pageno>140</pageno>
<text>13.3 Topological primitives</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='66'>
<pageno>145</pageno>
<text>13.4 Topological collections</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='67'>
<pageno>147</pageno>
<text>13.5 Topology complex</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='68'>
<pageno>149</pageno>
<text>14 GML schema - Temporal information and dynamic features</text>
<bookmark index='69'>
<pageno>149</pageno>
<text>14.1 General concepts</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='70'>
<pageno>150</pageno>
<text>14.2 Temporal schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='71'>
<pageno>158</pageno>
<text>14.3 Temporal topology schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='72'>
<pageno>161</pageno>
<text>14.4 Temporal reference systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='73'>
<pageno>168</pageno>
<text>14.5 Representing dynamic features</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='74'>
<pageno>172</pageno>
<text>15 GML schema - Definitions and dictionaries</text>
<bookmark index='75'>
<pageno>172</pageno>
<text>15.1 Overview</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='76'>
<pageno>172</pageno>
<text>15.2 Dictionary schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='77'>
<pageno>175</pageno>
<text>16 GML schema - Units, measures and values</text>
<bookmark index='78'>
<pageno>175</pageno>
<text>16.1 Introduction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='79'>
<pageno>175</pageno>
<text>16.2 Units schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='80'>
<pageno>181</pageno>
<text>16.3 Measures schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='81'>
<pageno>182</pageno>
<text>16.4 Value objects schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='82'>
<pageno>189</pageno>
<text>17 GML schema - Directions</text>
<bookmark index='83'>
<pageno>189</pageno>
<text>17.1 Direction schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='84'>
<pageno>189</pageno>
<text>17.2 direction, DirectionPropertyType</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='85'>
<pageno>190</pageno>
<text>17.3 DirectionVectorType</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='86'>
<pageno>190</pageno>
<text>17.4 DirectionDescriptionType</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='87'>
<pageno>191</pageno>
<text>18 GML schema - Observations</text>
<bookmark index='88'>
<pageno>191</pageno>
<text>18.1 Observations</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='89'>
<pageno>192</pageno>
<text>18.2 Observation schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='90'>
<pageno>195</pageno>
<text>19 GML schema - Coverages</text>
<bookmark index='91'>
<pageno>195</pageno>
<text>19.1 The coverage model and representations</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='92'>
<pageno>198</pageno>
<text>19.2 Grids schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='93'>
<pageno>201</pageno>
<text>19.3 Coverage schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='94'>
<pageno>215</pageno>
<text>20 Profiles</text>
<bookmark index='95'>
<pageno>215</pageno>
<text>20.1 Profiles of GML and application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='96'>
<pageno>215</pageno>
<text>20.2 Definition of profile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='97'>
<pageno>215</pageno>
<text>20.3 Relation to application schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='98'>
<pageno>216</pageno>
<text>20.4 Rules for elements and types in a profile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='99'>
<pageno>217</pageno>
<text>20.5 Rules for referencing GML profiles from application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='100'>
<pageno>217</pageno>
<text>20.6 Recommendations for application schemas using GML profiles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='101'>
<pageno>218</pageno>
<text>20.7 Summary of rules for GML profiles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='102'>
<pageno>218</pageno>
<text>21 Rules for GML application schemas</text>
<bookmark index='103'>
<pageno>218</pageno>
<text>21.1 Instances of GML objects</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='104'>
<pageno>219</pageno>
<text>21.2 GML application schemas</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='105'>
<pageno>222</pageno>
<text>21.3 Schemas defining Features and Feature Collections</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='106'>
<pageno>223</pageno>
<text>21.4 Schemas defining spatial geometries</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='107'>
<pageno>224</pageno>
<text>21.5 Schemas defining spatial topologies</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='108'>
<pageno>225</pageno>
<text>21.6 Schemas defining time</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='109'>
<pageno>225</pageno>
<text>21.7 Schemas defining coordinate reference systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='110'>
<pageno>226</pageno>
<text>21.8 Schemas defining coverages</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='111'>
<pageno>228</pageno>
<text>21.9 Schemas defining observations</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='112'>
<pageno>229</pageno>
<text>21.10 Schemas defining dictionaries and definitions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='113'>
<pageno>230</pageno>
<text>21.11 Schemas defining values</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='114'>
<pageno>230</pageno>
<text>21.12 GML profiles of the GML schema</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='115'>
<pageno>233</pageno>
<text>Annex A (normative) Abstract test suites for GML application schemas, GML profiles and GML documents</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='116'>
<pageno>248</pageno>
<text>Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite for software implementations</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='117'>
<pageno>252</pageno>
<text>Annex C (informative) GML schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='118'>
<pageno>254</pageno>
<text>Annex D (normative) Implemented Profile of the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and Extensions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='119'>
<pageno>319</pageno>
<text>Annex E (normative) UML-to-GML application schema encoding rules</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='120'>
<pageno>339</pageno>
<text>Annex F (normative) GML-to-UML application schema encoding rules</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='121'>
<pageno>349</pageno>
<text>Annex G (informative) Guidelines for subsetting the GML schema</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='122'>
<pageno>362</pageno>
<text>Annex H (informative) Default styling</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='123'>
<pageno>373</pageno>
<text>Annex I (informative) Backwards compatibility with earlier versions of GML</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='124'>
<pageno>390</pageno>
<text>Annex J (informative) Modularization and dependencies</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='125'>
<pageno>392</pageno>
<text>Bibliography</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='126'>
<pageno>394</pageno>
<text>Index</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmarktable>
</toc>
Abstract
Adopts ISO 19136:2007 to provide a Geography Markup Language (GML) Standard with XML encoding in compliance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100 series of Standards.<br><br>RECONFIRMATION NOTICE<br>Technical Committee IT-004 has reviewed the content of this publication and in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation, it has been determined that the publication is still valid and does not require change.<br>Certain documents referenced in the publication may have been amended since the original date of publication. Users are advised to ensure that they are using the latest versions of such documents as appropriate, unless advised otherwise in this Reconfirmation Notice.<br>Approved for reconfirmation in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation on 9 April 2018.<br>Approved for reconfirmation in New Zealand on behalf of the New Zealand Standards Approval Board on 26 June 2018.<br>The following are represented on Technical Committee IT-004:<br>ANZLIC - the Spatial Information Council<br>Australian Antarctic Division<br>Australian Bureau of Meteorology<br>Australian Bureau of Statistics<br>Australian Maritime Safety Authority<br>CSIRO<br>Curtin University of Technology<br>Department of Defence (Australian Government)<br>Department of Human Services (Australian Government)<br>Geoscience Australia<br>InterGovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping<br>New Zealand Geospatial Office<br>Science New Zealand Inc<br>Spatial Industries Business Association
General Product Information
| Document Type | Standard |
| Status | Current |
| Publisher | Standards Australia |
| ProductNote | Reconfirmed 27/07/2018. This standard has been reconfirmed in Australia in 2018 and remains current in New Zealand. Reconfirmation Notice 27/07/2018 |
| Committee | IT-004 |
| Supersedes |
|
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