IEEE 998-1996

IEEE 998-1996 IEEE Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations
standard by IEEE, 01/01/1996

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Scope

The scope of this guide is the identi cation and discussion of design procedures to provide direct stroke shielding ofoutdoor distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations. All known methods of shielding from directstrokes were investigated during the preparation of this guide, and information is provided on two methods found to bewidely used:a) The classical empirical methodb) The electrogeometric modelA third approach, which involves the use of active lightning terminals, is brie y reviewed in clause 6.This guide does not purport to include all shielding methods that may have been developed. The guide also does notaddress protection from surges entering a substation over power or communication lines or the personnel safety issues.Users of this guide should thoroughly acquaint themselves with all factors that relate to the design of a particularinstallation and use good engineering judgment in the application of the methods given here, particularly with respectto the importance and value of the equipment being protected.

Purpose

The intent of this guide is to provide design information for the methods historically and typically applied bysubstation designers to minimize direct lightning strokes to equipment and buswork within substations. The generalnature of lightning is discussed in clause 2 and the problems associated with providing protection from direct strikesare described in clause 3. The methods reviewed in this guide for designing a system of protection are explained inclauses 4 and 5, and sample calculations are given in annex B to illustrate use of the methods. Clause 7 contains anextensive bibliography for further study of the subject.

Abstract

New IEEE Standard - Superseded.Design information for the methods historically and typically applied by substation designers to minimize direct lightning strokes to equipment and buswork within substations is provided. Two approaches, the classical empirical method and the electrogeometric model, are presented in detail. A third approach involving the use of active lightning terminals is also briefly reviewed.