AS 2159-2009

Table of Contents

<toc>
<bookmarktable>
<bookmark index='0'>
<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS 2159-2009 PILING-DESIGN AND INSTALLATION</text>
<bookmark index='1'>
<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='2'>
<pageno>5</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='3'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>FOREWORD</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='4'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL</text>
<bookmark index='5'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='6'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='7'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3 DEFINITIONS</text>
<bookmark index='8'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3.1 Bored cast in place pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='9'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3.2 Cased pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='10'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3.3 Cone penetration test (CPT)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='11'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3.4 Continuous flight auger pile (CFA)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='12'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.3.5 Design action</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='13'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.6 Design action effect (Ed)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='14'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.7 Design geotechnical strength (Rd,g)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='15'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.8 Design life</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='16'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.9 Design serviceability load (Eds)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='17'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.10 Design structural strength (Rd,s)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='18'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.11 Design ultimate geotechnical strength (Rd,ug)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='19'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.12 Design ultimate structural strength (Rd,us)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='20'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.13 Driven cast in place pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='21'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.14 Driven preformed pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='22'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.15 Durability</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='23'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.16 End-bearing pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='24'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.17 Footing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='25'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.18 Foundation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='26'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.3.19 Friction pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='27'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.20 Ground anchor</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='28'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.21 Large displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='29'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.22 Limit state</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='30'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.23 Pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='31'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.24 Pile group</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='32'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.25 Pile head</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='33'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.26 Pile heave</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='34'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.27 Raking pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='35'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.28 Serviceability limit state (SLS), serviceability</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='36'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.29 Set</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='37'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.30 Small displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='38'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.31 Standard penetration test (SPT)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='39'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.3.32 Steel screw piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='40'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.3.33 Temporary compression</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='41'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.3.34 Test pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='42'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.3.35 Test ultimate geotechnical strength (Rt,ug)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='43'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.3.36 Toe</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='44'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.3.37 Ultimate geotechnical strength (Rug)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='45'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.4 NOTATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='46'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF PILES</text>
<bookmark index='47'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='48'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.5.2 Displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='49'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>1.5.3 Non-displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='50'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>1.5.4 Partial displacement, post-grouted and preloaded non-displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='51'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>SECTION 2 SITE INVESTIGATION</text>
<bookmark index='52'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>2.1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='53'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>2.2 INFORMATION REQUIRED</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='54'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES</text>
<bookmark index='55'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>3.1 OBJECTIVE OF PILE DESIGN</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='56'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>3.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS</text>
<bookmark index='57'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>3.2.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='58'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>3.2.2 Design for ultimate strength</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='59'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>3.2.3 Design for serviceability</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='60'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>3.2.4 Design for durability</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='61'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>3.2.5 Design for other relevant requirements</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='62'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>3.3 ACTIONS AND COMBINATIONS FOR STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='63'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>3.3.1 Actions and loads</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='64'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>3.3.2 Load combinations for strength design</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='65'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>3.3.3 Load combinations for serviceability design</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='66'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>SECTION 4 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='67'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>4.1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='68'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>4.2 ASSESSMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='69'>
<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>4.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='70'>
<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>4.3.1 Design geotechnical strength</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='71'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>4.3.2 Assessment of basic geotechnical strength reduction factor (&#966;gb)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='72'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>4.3.3 Assessment of design ultimate geotechnical strength (Rd,ug)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='73'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>4.4 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTH</text>
<bookmark index='74'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>4.4.1 Design ultimate geotechnical strength in compression</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='75'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>4.4.2 Design ultimate geotechnical strength in uplift</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='76'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>4.4.3 Design ultimate geotechnical strength of a pile group in compression or uplift</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='77'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>4.4.4 Combined pile and raft foundation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='78'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>4.4.5 Negative friction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='79'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>4.4.6 Soil swelling</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='80'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>4.4.7 Design ultimate geotechnical strength for lateral loading</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='81'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>4.4.8 Cyclic loading</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='82'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>4.4.9 Dynamic loading</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='83'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.4.10 Earthquake loading</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='84'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.5 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY</text>
<bookmark index='85'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.5.1 Design actions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='86'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.5.2 Design criteria</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='87'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.5.3 Deflection limits</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='88'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.5.4 Geotechnical parameters for serviceability limit states</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='89'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICEABILITY</text>
<bookmark index='90'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.6.1 Deflection of a pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='91'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>4.6.2 Combined pile and raft footing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='92'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>4.6.3 Settlement due to negative friction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='93'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>4.6.4 Pile heave due to soil swelling</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='94'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>4.6.5 Deflection due to cyclic, impact, dynamic, earthquake, torsional or other loads</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='95'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='96'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='97'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>5.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL STRENGTH DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='98'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>5.2.1 Design structural strength</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='99'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>5.2.2 Design bending moment (Md)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='100'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>5.2.3 Buckling of a pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='101'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>5.2.4 Pile splice</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='102'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>5.3 CONCRETE AND GROUT PILES</text>
<bookmark index='103'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>5.3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='104'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>5.3.2 Cast in place piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='105'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>5.3.3 Reinforcement requirement</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='106'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>5.3.4 Partially reinforced pile</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='107'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>5.3.5 Unreinforced piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='108'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>5.3.6 Cast in place screw piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='109'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>5.3.7 Lateral restraint of longitudinal reinforcement and tendons</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='110'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>5.4 STEEL PILES</text>
<bookmark index='111'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>5.4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='112'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>5.4.2 Steel screw piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='113'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>5.5 COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE PILES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='114'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>5.6 TIMBER PILES</text>
<bookmark index='115'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>5.6.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='116'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>5.6.2 Timber pile splices</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='117'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>5.6.3 Connection details</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='118'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>SECTION 6 DURABILITY DESIGN</text>
<bookmark index='119'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>6.1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='120'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>6.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DURABILITY DESIGN</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='121'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>6.3 ACID SULFATE SOILS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='122'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>6.4 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF CONCRETE PILES</text>
<bookmark index='123'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>6.4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='124'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>6.4.2 Exposure classification for concrete piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='125'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>6.4.3 Durability requirements</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='126'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>6.5 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF STEEL PILES</text>
<bookmark index='127'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>6.5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='128'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>6.5.2 Exposure classification for steel piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='129'>
<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>6.5.3 Corrosion allowance for steel piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='130'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.5.4 Coating protection systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='131'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.5.5 Cathodic protection</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='132'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.6 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF TIMBER PILES</text>
<bookmark index='133'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.6.1 Design life</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='134'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.6.2 Timber selection and treatment</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='135'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>6.6.3 Timber preservation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='136'>
<pageno>48</pageno>
<text>6.6.4 Treatment after cut-off</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='137'>
<pageno>48</pageno>
<text>6.6.5 Marine piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='138'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>SECTION 7 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS</text>
<bookmark index='139'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.1 GENERAL</text>
<bookmark index='140'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.1.1 Concrete</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='141'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.1.2 Grout</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='142'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.1.3 Steel</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='143'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.1.4 Timber</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='144'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.2 TOLERANCES AND DEFECTS</text>
<bookmark index='145'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.2.1 Positional tolerances</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='146'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>7.2.2 Cut-off levels</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='147'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>7.2.3 Trimming and capping</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='148'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>7.2.4 Variation in pile depths</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='149'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>7.2.5 Defective piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='150'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>7.3 DISPLACEMENT PILES-PREFORMED</text>
<bookmark index='151'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>7.3.1 Dimensional tolerances</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='152'>
<pageno>51</pageno>
<text>7.3.2 Handling and storage</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='153'>
<pageno>51</pageno>
<text>7.3.3 Installation by driving</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='154'>
<pageno>52</pageno>
<text>7.3.4 Installation by jacking</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='155'>
<pageno>53</pageno>
<text>7.3.5 Installation by screwing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='156'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>7.4 DISPLACEMENT PILES-DRIVEN CAST IN PLACE</text>
<bookmark index='157'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>7.4.1 Dimensional accuracy</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='158'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>7.4.2 Liners</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='159'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>7.4.3 Construction</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='160'>
<pageno>55</pageno>
<text>7.5 DISPLACEMENT PILES-SCREWED CAST IN PLACE</text>
<bookmark index='161'>
<pageno>55</pageno>
<text>7.5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='162'>
<pageno>55</pageno>
<text>7.5.2 Dimensional accuracy</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='163'>
<pageno>55</pageno>
<text>7.5.3 Construction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='164'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>7.5.4 Sampling and testing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='165'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>7.6 NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES</text>
<bookmark index='166'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>7.6.1 Dimensional accuracy</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='167'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>7.6.2 Support systems</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='168'>
<pageno>57</pageno>
<text>7.6.3 Excavation of the pile shaft</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='169'>
<pageno>57</pageno>
<text>7.6.4 Base and shaft preparation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='170'>
<pageno>57</pageno>
<text>7.6.5 Construction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='171'>
<pageno>58</pageno>
<text>7.6.6 Continuous flight auger piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='172'>
<pageno>59</pageno>
<text>7.7 RECORDS OF DATA</text>
<bookmark index='173'>
<pageno>59</pageno>
<text>7.7.1 Displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='174'>
<pageno>60</pageno>
<text>7.7.2 Non-displacement piles</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='175'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>SECTION 8 TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='176'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='177'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS</text>
<bookmark index='178'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.2.1 Selection and construction of test piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='179'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.2.2 Effect of changed conditions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='180'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.2.3 Performance of the tests</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='181'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>8.2.4 Requirement to test</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='182'>
<pageno>64</pageno>
<text>8.3 PILE LOAD TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='183'>
<pageno>64</pageno>
<text>8.3.1 Types of pile load testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='184'>
<pageno>64</pageno>
<text>8.3.2 Information required</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='185'>
<pageno>65</pageno>
<text>8.3.3 Test load</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='186'>
<pageno>66</pageno>
<text>8.3.4 Acceptance of piles</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='187'>
<pageno>66</pageno>
<text>8.3.5 Effects of test set-up</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='188'>
<pageno>67</pageno>
<text>8.4 STATIC LOAD TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='189'>
<pageno>67</pageno>
<text>8.4.1 Use of static loading</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='190'>
<pageno>67</pageno>
<text>8.4.2 Test procedure</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='191'>
<pageno>68</pageno>
<text>8.4.3 Acceptance criteria</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='192'>
<pageno>69</pageno>
<text>8.5 HIGH-STRAIN DYNAMIC PILE TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='193'>
<pageno>69</pageno>
<text>8.5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='194'>
<pageno>70</pageno>
<text>8.5.2 Acceptance criteria</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='195'>
<pageno>70</pageno>
<text>8.6 BI-DIRECTIONAL LOAD TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='196'>
<pageno>70</pageno>
<text>8.6.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='197'>
<pageno>70</pageno>
<text>8.6.2 Performance criteria</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='198'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.7 RAPID LOAD TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='199'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.7.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='200'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.7.2 Acceptance criteria</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='201'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.8 INTEGRITY TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='202'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.8.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='203'>
<pageno>71</pageno>
<text>8.8.2 Test procedure</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='204'>
<pageno>72</pageno>
<text>8.8.3 Acceptance criteria</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='205'>
<pageno>73</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX A - STATIC LOAD TEST</text>
<bookmark index='206'>
<pageno>73</pageno>
<text>A1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='207'>
<pageno>73</pageno>
<text>A2 PREPARATION AND APPARATUS</text>
<bookmark index='208'>
<pageno>73</pageno>
<text>A2.1 Preparation for testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='209'>
<pageno>73</pageno>
<text>A2.2 Reaction system</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='210'>
<pageno>74</pageno>
<text>A2.3 Equipment for loading and test measurement</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='211'>
<pageno>76</pageno>
<text>A3 LOADING PROGRESS AND RECORDING OF DATA</text>
<bookmark index='212'>
<pageno>76</pageno>
<text>A3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='213'>
<pageno>76</pageno>
<text>A3.2 Load application</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='214'>
<pageno>78</pageno>
<text>A3.3 Recording during the loading stages</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='215'>
<pageno>78</pageno>
<text>A3.4 Recording during unloading stages</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='216'>
<pageno>79</pageno>
<text>A4 REPORT</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='217'>
<pageno>80</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX B - HIGH-STRAIN DYNAMIC PILE TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='218'>
<pageno>80</pageno>
<text>B1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='219'>
<pageno>80</pageno>
<text>B2 PILE PREPARATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='220'>
<pageno>80</pageno>
<text>B3 HAMMER ENERGY</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='221'>
<pageno>80</pageno>
<text>B4 NEGATIVE FRICTION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='222'>
<pageno>81</pageno>
<text>B5 TIME AND PURPOSE OF TESTING</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='223'>
<pageno>81</pageno>
<text>B6 APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC TESTING</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='224'>
<pageno>81</pageno>
<text>B7 INSTRUMENTATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='225'>
<pageno>81</pageno>
<text>B8 TEST PROCEDURE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='226'>
<pageno>82</pageno>
<text>B9 REPORT</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='227'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX C - RAPID PILE TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='228'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='229'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C2 DEFINITIONS</text>
<bookmark index='230'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C2.1 Rapid force</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='231'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C2.2 Wave speed</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='232'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C2.3 Natural period</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='233'>
<pageno>83</pageno>
<text>C3 SAFETY</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='234'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C4 EQUIPMENT</text>
<bookmark index='235'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='236'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C4.2 Equipment using pressure of gases produced by combustion</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='237'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C4.3 Equipment using a drop mass</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='238'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C5 MEASURING SYSTEMS</text>
<bookmark index='239'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C5.1 Measurement of force</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='240'>
<pageno>84</pageno>
<text>C5.2 Measurement of pile movement</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='241'>
<pageno>85</pageno>
<text>C5.3 Pile groups</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='242'>
<pageno>85</pageno>
<text>C5.4 Measurement of acceleration</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='243'>
<pageno>85</pageno>
<text>C6 RECORDING OF RESULTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='244'>
<pageno>85</pageno>
<text>C7 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='245'>
<pageno>85</pageno>
<text>C8 REPORT</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='246'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX D - INTEGRITY TESTING</text>
<bookmark index='247'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>D1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='248'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>D2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS</text>
<bookmark index='249'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>D2.1 Preparation for testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='250'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>D2.2 Time of testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='251'>
<pageno>87</pageno>
<text>D2.3 Report</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='252'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D3 PULSE ECHO METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='253'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='254'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D3.2 Site testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='255'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D3.3 Signal processing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='256'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D4 VIBRATION METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='257'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='258'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D4.2 Site testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='259'>
<pageno>88</pageno>
<text>D4.3 Signal processing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='260'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D5 IMPULSE RESPONSE METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='261'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='262'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D5.2 Site testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='263'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D5.3 Signal processing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='264'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D6 SONIC LOGGING METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='265'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D6.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='266'>
<pageno>89</pageno>
<text>D6.2 Site testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='267'>
<pageno>90</pageno>
<text>D6.3 Signal processing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='268'>
<pageno>90</pageno>
<text>D7 ALTERNATIVE TEST METHODS</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='269'>
<pageno>91</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX E - LIMIT STATES-SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='270'>
<pageno>92</pageno>
<text>BIBLIOGRAPHY</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmarktable>
</toc>

Abstract

Sets out minimum requirements for the design, construction and testing of piled footings for civil engineering and building structures on land or immediate inshore locations.

Scope

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, construction and testing of piled footings for civil engineering and building structures on land or immediate inshore locations. It does not extend to offshore (deepwater) construction.
NOTES:
1 AS 5100 series should be considered for the design of footings for road bridges.
2 Where the strength or serviceability of an existing structure is to be evaluated, the general principles of this Standard should be applied. The actual properties of the materials in the structure should be used.
3 durability requirements are appropriate for structures with design life within (20% of the target design life.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	Standards Australia
Pages
ISBN
Committee	CE-018
Supersedes	DR 08180 CP AS 2159-1995